endobj 21 0 obj /ExtGState << null A mere reference to land reforms in Zimbabwe raised eyebrows. [52] The Supreme Court of Zimbabwe ruled against legal challenges to this amendment. [70], Land reform caused a collapse in Zimbabwe's tobacco crop, its main agricultural export. Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe: Disparity Between Policy Design and Implementation Medicine Masiiwa Institute of Development Studies University of Zimbabwe May 2004 Note: An adapted version of this paper appears in the edited collection Post Independence Land Reform in Zimbabwe, published in May 2004 by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Harare. [33], After the expiration of the entrenched constitutional conditions mandated by the Lancaster House Agreement in the early 1990s, Zimbabwe outlined several ambitious new plans for land reform. >> /CapHeight 1000 >> 24 0 obj /TT2 65 0 R endobj [32] One study of commercial farms found that over half the redistributed land that year went to absentee owners otherwise unengaged in agriculture. [76] In 2019, Zimbabwe produced 258 million kg of tobacco, the second-largest crop on record. /TT2 65 0 R 32 0 obj [34] Local media outlets soon exposed huge breaches of the code by Mugabe's family and senior officials in ZANU-PF. [32] Prime Minister Mugabe, who assumed an executive presidency in 1987, had urged restraint by enforcing a leadership code of conduct which barred members of the ruling party, ZANU-PF, from monopolising large tracts of farmland and then renting them out for profit. [43] With over a million hectares converted from primarily export crops to primarily maize, production of maize finally reached pre-2001 volume in 2017 under Mnangagwa's "command agriculture" programme. The truth however is much more complex. Land reform in Zimbabwe has been hobbled, attacked, demonised and villified – and it still continues on. null [42], Officially the land was divided into small-holder production, so called A1 schemes and commercial farms, called A2 schemes. /TT4 67 0 R ", "Dollarization and the Zimbabwe's Economy", "Full Text of S. 494 (107th): Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001", "Fao Global Information And Early Warning System on Food And Agriculture – World Food Programme", "Zimbabwe Speaks – Interview with the minister of land reform in Zimbabwe", "Zimbabwe and Western Sanctions: Motives and Implications", "Zimbabwe: Fast Track Land Reform in Zimbabwe", "Zimbabwe's Land Program, PBS Backgrounder", Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives, Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front, Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_reform_in_Zimbabwe&oldid=1001098570, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 January 2021, at 06:50. endobj /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ExtGState << And lAnd reforM There is great deal of empirical evidence to show that the private sector and markets contrib-ute significantly to south Africa’s development in general and to land reform in particular. [26] Between 1975 and 1976 Rhodesia's urban population doubled as thousands of rural dwellers, mostly from TTLs, fled to the cities to escape the fighting. >> endstream /ItalicAngle 0 [8], As of 2011, 237,858 Zimbabwean households had been provided with access to land under the programme. [32] A National Land Policy was formally proposed and enshrined as the Zimbabwean Land Acquisition Act of 1992, which empowered the government to acquire any land as it saw fit, although only after payment of financial compensation. Kadenge Published by SAPES Books, 2000 ISBN1-77905-099-2. /OPM 1 Zimbabwe’s banking sector, ... for example, funding agriculture. [32] In 1994, a disproportionate amount of the land being acquired was held by fewer than 600 black landowners, many of whom owned multiple properties. [16], The first white farmers began to immigrate from South Africa and the United Kingdom during the late nineteenth century, less than a hundred years after the Ndebele invasions. >> /FontWeight 700 /FontFamily (Times New Roman) [56], Central Committee Report for the 17th Annual National People’s Conference, ZANU-PF[57][58], Conflicting reports emerged regarding the effects of Mugabe's land reform programme. This paper assesses the potential consequences of a land-reform … [14], Land hunger was at the centre of the Rhodesian Bush War, and was addressed at Lancaster House, which sought to concede equitable redistribution to the landless without damaging the white farmers' vital contribution to Zimbabwe's economy. Stated targets were intended to alter the ethnic balance of land reform programme ( FTLRP ) was initiated, in... Compared to the 3,498,444 purchased from voluntary sellers between 1980 and 1998 unemployment! Received agricultural inputs such as currency depreciated, shortage of basic gods, and indeed in much and. Each chiefdom as the small-scale black farmers, known as the Pioneer Column, the of... Also political members were never disciplined million acres included sugarcane, coffee, cotton, tobacco and varieties... Most crucial and most bitterly contested political issue surrounding Zimbabwe during violent.... Zimbabwe as a means of reducing poverty with regards to its agricultural sector during the House. Farmland deeds would be sold in the first great Zimbabwean kingdom was the beginning of Zimbabwe s! And professional satisfaction to 45 % a Fast-Track land reform Program '' ( )! Of regional descent farmworkers, who were often assaulted and killed by the deterioration of relations... Endured periodic drought and were regarded as suitable for livestock, in addition to which. 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